#Kla project rar free#

At a diagnostic energy of 40 and 141 keV, the multilayer composites fabricated by a greater molality concentration of 3.2 mmol/g of diverse metallic fillers established extra X-ray shielding capabilities, comprising 0.25 mm Pb-like radiation protection aprons used in the medical sector. Gilys et al., studied a newly established lead-free multi-layered structure grounded in silicone composite layers, containing tin, CeO 2, WO 3, and bismuth additives, and examined its radiation shielding, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and multifunctional properties. The mass attenuation coefficients of 100% hematite-doped polymer composites within the energy range of 59.5–1408.0 keV showed a better gamma radiation shielding efficiency than other composites. They assessed the transmission factor, linear attenuation coefficients, electron density, and other related parameters of prepared polymer composites. Turhan et al., studied polymer composites with an added 25, 50, 75, and 100% hematite for fortification against gamma radiation. Considering the obtained value of mass attenuation coefficient and equivalent atomic number, the tungsten (W) and tungsten carbide (WC) composites showed the best shielding capabilities among the studied samples. Almurayshid et al., researched the possibility of several high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer composites doped in molybdenum (Mo), molybdenum carbide (MoC), tungsten (W), and tungsten carbide (WC), to be used against kilovoltage X-ray shielding.

There is little literature on the use of polymer composites in radiation shielding. In the last few years, several research labs have focused on preparing polymers with appropriate fillers to overcome the drawbacks of traditional shielding materials. Polymer composites offer wide utilization in different industrial, medical, and technological fields. Recently, polymer composites have introduced a new generation of lightweight hybrid materials for radiation shielding. Novel radiation shielding materials must fit certain criteria, such as having low weight, high mechanical strength, flexibility, movability, and a high absorption capability against gamma photons, to be considered an adequate replacement for the traditionally used materials.

As these materials have poor mechanical properties and are opaque, they cannot be used to protect the eyes and face from hazardous radiation. Lead and concrete are the conventional materials used for this purpose. Radiation shielding materials must be used to reduce the hazardous effects of radiation. High-energy radiation has strong penetrability and thus has hazardous effects on both equipment and the human body. The safety of workers, patients, and equipment has become a fundamental issue due to the hazards of working with radiation. Over the past century, ionizing radiation has been widely used in many aspects of society, including radiation medicine, the nuclear power industry, aerospace exploration industries, and nuclear research laboratories. Moreover, the half-value layer (HVL) results demonstrate that we need a certain thickness of SR with nano-MgO to effectively reduce the intensity of the low-energy photons. The linear attenuation coefficient results show the importance of using SR with high MgO content for low-energy radiation protection applications.

#Kla project rar free#

The mean free path (MFP) for pure SR and SR with micro- and nano-sized MgO were determined, and we found that silicon rubber with MgO (both micro- and nano-sized) has a lower MFP than pure SR. We reported the effect of particle size on the attenuation parameters and found that the linear attenuation factors for SR with nano-MgO were higher than for SR with micro-MgO. We used a HPGe detector to measure radiation attenuation factors at different photon energies, ranging from 59.6 to 1333 keV. We prepared silicon rubber (SR) with different concentrations of micro- and nano-sized MgO. These prepared polymers are non-toxic compared with lead and show potential to be used as protective gear in different medical applications where low-energy photons are utilized. In this work, we examined novel polymer composites for use in radiation protection applications.